All about Narration / Reported Speech
All about Narration
đ¯đđ¯ Rule # 1 : Facts, Sayings, Universal truth and Present Indefinite Tense
☆ If the Reported Speech expresses some universal, religious truth, historical truth or a proverbial truth, its tense undergoes no change.
☆☆ If the Reporting Verb is in Present Tense or Future Tense, the Tense of the Reported Speech does not change.
đ¯đđ¯ Rule # 2 : Change of Tenses
If the Reporting Verb is in Past Tense ⬇️
☆ Pronouns of the first person in the Reported Speech change according to the subject of the Reported Verb.
☆☆ Pronouns of the second person in the Reported Speech change according to the object of the Reported Verb.
☆☆☆ No change in case of the Pronouns of the 3rd person.
☆☆☆ If the Reported Verb is in Past Tense, words showing nearness are changed into words showing distance.
đ¯đđ¯ Rule # 3 : Change the Imperative Sentences
☆ Change Reporting Verb ➡️ requested, ordered, begged, commanded, advised according to the sense of the Reported Speech.
☆☆ Change the verb of the Reporting Speech ➡️
to + V.1 /
not to + V.1
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đ¯đđ¯ Rule # 4 : Use of 'Let'
☆ In case of a condition, proposal or permission, change Reporting Verb ➡️ said, asked, advised, preached, suggested or proposed
☆☆ Let ➡️ let / should / might/ might be allowed
đ¯đđ¯ Rule # 5 : Interrogative Sentences
To convert interrogative sentences into Indirect Speech, follow the following rules along with the above-mentioned rules:
Reporting Verb said to is changed into asked.
If reporting speech is having reporting verb at it its start, then if is used in place of that.
đ¯đđ¯ Rule # 6 : Exclamatory / Optative Sentences
The exclamatory sentence expresses state of joy, sorrow or wonder.
Therefore, to convert them into indirect speech, some specific words (e.g., exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with wonder) are used as the reporting verb.
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